Umbra krameri

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	ESOCIFORMES	UMBRIDAE

Scientific Name:

Umbra krameri

Species Authority:

Walbaum, 1792

Common Name/s:

English

–

European Mudminnow, European Mud-minnow

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Vulnerable A2c ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2008

Assessor/s

Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.

Evaluator/s:

Wanzenböck, J., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)

Justification:
The species has a scattered distribution in Danube drainage from Vienna to the delta and in the lower reaches of Dniestr drainage. River regulation for water transport, and drainage of wetlands for agriculture, has reduced the number of back waters (oxbow lakes etc) where, in the last phases of succession the species is found. The species moves between the backwaters during times of flooding, which has also been regulated by the channelization and damming of the rivers. The succession of the back waters takes many years and the number of available and suitable sites for the species is slowly reducing as they dry out and no new ones are created. The species is known to have been extirpated from many locations. It is estimated that the species population has declined by more than 30% in the past 10 years.

History:

1996

–

Vulnerable

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Scattered distribution in Danube drainage from Vienna to delta; lower reaches of Dniestr drainage.
Countries:	Native: Austria; Bulgaria; Croatia; Hungary; Moldova; Romania; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Ukraine
Range Map:	(click map to view full version)

Population [top]

Population:	Declining for many years.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Habitat: Very densely vegetated water bodies, usually in small ditches, oxbows, backwaters and shallow lakes. Biology: Lives at least five years. Spawns for the first time at one year. Spawns in March-April, when temperatures reach 12-16°C. Eggs are laid in a nest of plant material or in a shallow depression in the bottom. Females protect the nest until the larvae leave it. Able to breathe atmospheric air and may therefore colonise habitats with very low oxygen concentrations. Feeds on a variety of small animals.
Systems:	Freshwater

Habitat and Ecology:

Habitat:
Very densely vegetated water bodies, usually in small ditches, oxbows, backwaters and shallow lakes.

Biology:
Lives at least five years. Spawns for the first time at one year. Spawns in March-April, when temperatures reach 12-16°C. Eggs are laid in a nest of plant material or in a shallow depression in the bottom. Females protect the nest until the larvae leave it. Able to breathe atmospheric air and may therefore colonise habitats with very low oxygen concentrations. Feeds on a variety of small animals.

Systems:

Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	River regulation for water transport, has reduced the number of back waters (oxbow lakes etc) where, in the last phases of succession the species is found. Drainage of wetlands to reclaim arable land has (and still does) also pose a threat. The species moves between the backwaters during times of flooding, which has also been regulated by the channelization and damming of the rivers. The succession of the back waters takes many years and the number of available and suitable sites for the species is slowly reducing as they dry out and no new ones are created. The species is known to have been extirpated from many locations.

Major Threat(s):

River regulation for water transport, has reduced the number of back waters (oxbow lakes etc) where, in the last phases of succession the species is found. Drainage of wetlands to reclaim arable land has (and still does) also pose a threat. The species moves between the backwaters during times of flooding, which has also been regulated by the channelization and damming of the rivers. The succession of the back waters takes many years and the number of available and suitable sites for the species is slowly reducing as they dry out and no new ones are created. The species is known to have been extirpated from many locations.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	The species has been included in the national Red Lists of Slovenia, Croatia, Moldova and Austria. In Hungary, the species is protected and local action plans have been developed.

Conservation Actions:

The species has been included in the national Red Lists of Slovenia, Croatia, Moldova and Austria. In Hungary, the species is protected and local action plans have been developed.

Citation:	Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Umbra krameri. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 February 2010.
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